The following article examines Foucault’s definition of biopolitics, especially the problem of its origin. Foucault’s thesis is that modern biopolitics has its most remote origin in the ancient Christian pastoral work; however, there are good reasons to believe that the origin may be found in Plato, given the biopolitical direction of his thought.

En este artículo el autor se propone examinar el estatuto ontológico y moral de los animales en el Magisterio de la Iglesia Católica. Antes de esto, sin embargo, se inscribe el magisterio eclesial en el contexto del debate, ya abierto, sobre 'la cuestión animal', poniendo especial atención en los aportes de la ciencia y, sobre todo, de las distintas corrientes filosóficas que alimentan este debate. In this article the author proposes to examine the ontological and moral status of animals in (...) the Magisterium of the Catholic Church. Before this, however, the Church's Magisterium falls within the context of the debate, and open on 'animal matter', paying particular attention to the contributions of science and, above all, of the various philosophical currents that feed this debate. (shrink)

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un proyecto de innovación docente centrado en la inclusión de juegos sencillos, combinados con Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación y dinámicas de grupo, como herramienta de apoyo en el aprendizaje de siete asignaturas de Matemáticas impartidas en los primeros cursos de Grado de distintas Ingenierías. El equipo docente participante ha comprobado que la metodología propuesta incrementa la motivación y la participación activa de los alumnos, quienes han resaltado la utilidad de los juegos (...) implementados en su proceso de aprendizaje. (shrink)

Resenha de SÀLÁMÌ, Síkírù ; RIBEIRO, Ronilda Iakemi. Exu e a ordem do universo. 2. Ed. São Paulo: Oduduwa, 2015. 483 p.

Tendo por tema principal Apontamentos sobre Erotismo e Sagrado na Religião Tradicional Iorubá, este texto foi organizado em cinco sessões: Erotismo; A Religião Tradicional Iorubá; Encantamento e fascínio do transe; Rituais de casamento entre divindades e humanos e A busca existencial e espiritual de frequentadores das Casas de Axé. Na construção do texto foram utilizadas contribuições teóricas de Awolalu, Bataille, Braudrillard, Fernandes, Rodrigo Frias, Ribeiro, Sàlámì e Valença, bem como fragmentos da Sabedoria Veda. Foram enfatizadas a dinâmica estabelecida entre (...) divindades e humanos em rituais religiosos africanos, com especial destaque à imaginação e à fantasia no processo epistêmico propiciado por esses rituais. Reconhecido o relevante papel reservado à sedução no erotismo, foi assinalado o risco de ser o erotismo despojado de seu caráter místico e sagrado e reduzido à condição de lubricidade, devassidão e lascívia. Coloca-se, finalmente, a questão da busca existencial e espiritual de frequentadores das Casas de Axé. (shrink)

The key problems and challenges connected with the Covid-19 pandemic in the field of education in sub-Saharan Africa are described in this paper. The study is based on the information collected from teachers and parents during the lockdown. The main problems connected with the organization of distance learning, such as the availability and accessibility of electricity and stable communications, were described. The main questions connected with the support of e-learning such as unequal access to distance education platforms and tools and (...) readiness of teachers of public and private schools were described. Key social and demographic challenges and threats to sustainable e-learning, such as critical overload of teachers, child mobilization for domestic tasks, age, ethnic and gender-based harassment and violence were analyzed. It was found that the main risks are the rapid and uncontrolled commercialization of education and the decline of public schools, which leads to a decrease in the quality of education and increasing inequality. It was concluded that pandemic-induced risks in education are non-linear and heterogeneously spatially, temporally, and socially distributed. The successful strategy of these risks reduction aimed at sustainable education should be based on transition plans, which must include not only the development of sustainable education but also the fighting against inequality. (shrink)

Resumen: El artículo estudia los aspectos fundamentales de la crítica de Dussel al modelo formal de hegemonía desarrollado por Laclau. En este contexto, se presenta la propuesta de una hegemonía popular ligada a la centralidad de la reproducción de la vida como criterio normativo de la política y se denuncia el decisionismo abstracto de la teoría populista laclauniana. Pero también en este texto se ofrece, siguiendo la lectura de Castro-Gómez, una crítica de las tesis de Dussel desde un punto de (...) vista postfundacionalista, lo que supone cuestionar la idea misma de un universal incondicionado. Finalmente, concluimos exponiendo una crítica a algunas de las coordenadas teóricas compartidas por ambos autores, identificando las limitaciones del concepto mismo de hegemonía.: This article studies the fundamental aspects of Dussel’s critique of the formal model of hegemony developed by Laclau. In this context, a concept of popular hegemony tied to the centrality of the reproduction of life as a normative criterion in politics is proposed, as well as an argument against the abstract decisionism of the populist theory of Laclau. The text also offers -as suggested by Castro-Gomez’s reading- a critique of Dussel’s ideas from a post-foundationalist perspective, which leads to questioning the very idea of an unconditional universal. Finally, we conclude by positing a critique of some of the theoretical viewpoints shared by both authors, identifying the limitations of the very concept of hegemony. (shrink)

Em Ser e Tempo, Heidegger argumenta que o conhecimento primordial do Dasein se dá no manuseio de entes mundanos. Merleau-Ponty, por sua vez, descreve na Fenomenologia da Percepção que o conhecimento é, antes de tudo, uma intencionalidade corporal intraduzível em termos proposicionais. Mais tarde, em What Computers Can’t Do, Hubert Dreyfus usa a obra de ambos para apontar os equívocos do paradigma cognitivista, isto é, a abordagem dominante do então nascente campo da inteligência artificial. Finalmente, em The Embodied Mind: Cognitive (...) Science and Human Experience, a noção de enativismo - elaborada por Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson e Eleanor Rosch - surge como uma tentativa de tomar do cognitivismo e do conexionismo a hegemonia nas ciências cognitivas. Dito isso, o objetivo do artigo consiste em descrever o enativismo e apontar sua herança fenomenológica. (shrink)

O presente artigo aborda a situação do ensino da filosofia na conjuntura histórica da educação brasileira. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental propõe-se a investigar as condições que o ensino da filosofia tem de se (a)firmar como condição à promoção do pensamento autônomo no ensino básico, dentro do espaço que lhe é reservado no atual contexto educacional brasileiro, marcado por reformas de cunho neoliberal, voltadas aos interesses do mercado. Partindo da concepção de filosofia como criação de conceitos, compreende-se (...) como sua principal função em sala de aula, entre outras, apresentar-se como um ambiente livre das demandas externas estabelecidas pelos programas oficiais de ensino, no qual os estudantes tenham possibilidades de desenvolver o pensamento autônomo e construir sua subjetividade de forma desprendida. Essa atribuição requer determinados requisitos como a presença da filosofia enquanto disciplina, professores especializados na área e tempo livre e de qualidade o suficiente para o exercício do pensar autônomo, as quais se encontram ausentes, em sua maioria, no modelo de ensino que está sendo implementado. No atual cenário, marcado por reformas guiadas por tendências neoliberais que submetem a educação aos interesses da economia, o espaço da filosofia no ensino básico encontra-se reduzido e ameaçado. Tais mudanças reforçam o dualismo presente na educação brasileira, o qual atribui uma formação geral à classe privilegiada e outra de cunho laboral à trabalhadora, impedindo a implantação de uma formação humana integral para todos(as), na qual a filosofia ocupa papel fundamental. Compreende-se por fim que, apesar do cenário desfavorável, resta à filosofia criar formas de resistência, dentro e fora da escola para poder se (a)firmar. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como propósito discutir sobre as origens e os desdobramentos da maquinação na história do pensamento ocidental. Para tanto, fazemos uma leitura ontológica-fenomenológica da questão da técnica a partir das meditações de Heidegger, sobretudo na obra Contribuições à Filosofia, publicada em 1989. As reflexões aqui presentes pensam a maquinação como uma disposição que, em sua gênese, revela-se como um acontecimento além da força e da vontade do homem, destacando o abandono e o esquecimento do ser como eventos (...) fundantes da história. Buscamos evidenciar o verdadeiro sentido da condição histórica dos entes no contexto contemporâneo ao demonstrarmos como o ocultamento e a ausência do ser representam o fundo originário da existência. Assim, o ponto fundamental deste texto é a indicação de que o vigor da ausência essencial pode possuir robustez mais profunda do que a presença de qualquer ente. (shrink)

In this paper we show that in every |T |+-resplendent model N , for every A ⊆ N such that |A | ≤ |T |, the group Autf of strong automorphisms is the least very normal subgroup of the group Aut and the quotient Aut/Autf is the Lascar group over A . Then we generalize this result to every |T |+-saturated and strongly |T |+-homogeneous model.

Resumen: El presente artículo propone una visión estructural de la e-justicia por contraposición al reduccionismo metodológico e instrumental actual que la concibe como la simple incorporación de los dispositivos tecnológicos de la información y de la comunicación a la función pública judicial de impartir justicia, cuando más, a una transformación cultural del órgano judicial. El análisis plantea que la justicia es un concepto medular de la estabilidad social, que no se agota en la funcionalidad judicial, que depende de las asignaciones (...) estimativas acerca de aquello que para cada sociedad significa la armonía o la armonización social en relación con la interferencia de las conductas entre los individuos que la conforman. Con la introducción de la teoría de la impetración de la justicia se propone que la sociedad sea un componente activo de la gestión conflictiva a partir de la idea de justicia que se construye de igual forma, sin permitir que se le conciba como un simple receptor de la demanda de justicia que de forma vertical entrega la organización pública al margen de la realidad social, que ha adquirido una nueva configuración con la eclosión de la tecnología en todos los ámbitos de la vida humana.: This paper proposes a structural vision of e-justice as opposed to the current methodological and instrumental reductionism that conceives it as the simple incorporation of information and communication technology devices to the judicial public function of imparting justice, or at most, to a cultural transformation of the judicial body. The analysis suggests that justice is a core concept of social stability, which is not exhausted in the judicial functionality, which depends on the estimative allocations about what for each society means harmony or social harmonization in relation to the interference of behaviors between the individuals that comprise it. With the introduction of the theory of the impetration of justice, it is proposed that society be an active component of conflict management based on the idea of justice that is constructed in the same way, without allowing it to be conceived as a simple receiver of the demand for justice that is delivered vertically by the public organization at the margin of social reality, which has acquired a new configuration with the emergence of technology in all areas of human life. (shrink)

Resumen La investigación pretende describir algunas influencias que las concepciones revolucionarias tuvieron en la Iglesia Católica chilena observadas en el análisis de las cartas pastorales de la Conferencia Episcopal entre los años 1960 y 1975. Por ello se elabora un marco teórico que permite caracterizar el concepto de revolución a partir del pensamiento de José Ortega y Gasset y de otros autores que complementan dicha visión, para luego aplicarlo a la realidad chilena de la segunda mitad del siglo veinte, periodo (...) en el que llegó al poder un gobierno que poseía un programa que en lo esencial contenía todos aquellos elementos que permiten, conforme el marco conceptual elaborado, denominarlo como revolucionario; y que además fue acompañado por partidos políticos que en sus congresos ideológicos defendieron las transformaciones institucionales, económicos y sociales de gran profundidad. Finalmente, se analizan los cambios que experimentó la Iglesia Católica durante la década de los sesenta del siglo veinte, expresado en términos de sus cartas pastorales, para luego señalar el modo en que la acción y el pensamiento revolucionario afectaron sus definiciones acerca de la realidad sociopolítica del país y la de su propia organización.This investigation intends to describe some of the influences that revolutionary notions had on the Catholic Church, as can observed in the analysis of the pastoral letters of the Bishop's Conference between 1960 and 1975. In order to do this, we have elaborated a theoretical framework that allows the portrayal of the concept of revolution through the thought of José de Ortega y Gasset, and of other authors that complement his views. Then we apply it to the Chilean situation in the second half of the 20th century. It was during this period that there came to power a government that had a program which, in essence, contained all those elements which, according to our framework, can be called revolutionary. It was also accompanied by political parties which, in their conventions proposed great institutional, economic and social transformation. Finally, we analyze the changes experienced by the Catholic Church during the 1960's, as it is expressed in pastoral letters, in order to point out the manner in which revolutionary thought and action influenced its pronouncements on the country's socio-political reality and also of its own structure. (shrink)

A pesquisa aponta as condições que motivaram as mudanças nos processos de disseminação da ciência, apresentando o ambiente das redes sociais digitais como espaços unificados de comunicação e de divulgação científicas. A partir deste contexto, busca evidenciar como esses espaços estão vulneráveis à desordem da informação. Para tanto, foram levantados os principais fatores relacionados à desordem no espaço digital, especialmente, nesses processos, e indicados alguns cuidados que precisam ser considerados para evitar ou minimizar esse problema. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica (...) de natureza qualitativa, que buscou, a partir de uma revisão de literatura, de inferências e de interpretações, conectar a desordem da informação aos descuidados com as terminologias usadas na comunicação e na divulgação científicas. Considera-se que, para que a promoção da ciência mediada pelas redes sociais não seja permeada de desordens, é preciso que produtores e disseminadores de conteúdos científicos considerem que esse espaço possui peculiaridades que combinam um público heterogêneo e uma forma particular de comunicação e divulgação. (shrink)

RESUMOO artigo científico visa esclarecer a fundamentação kantiana da doutrina da incorporação do Bill of Rights. A Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos estendeu o Bill of Rights aos Estados. Neste trabalho pretendemos demonstrar a fundamentação kantiana na doutrina da incorporação do Bill of Rights, abordando a corrente filosófica do utilitarismo e do contratualismo. Em primeiro lugar, examinaremos o precedente da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) e em seguida analisaremos filosoficamente o precedente. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos (...) esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e descritiva, uma revisão de literaturas por meio de livros, revistas especializadas e periódicos.Palavras-Chave: Bill of Rights; Doutrina da Incorporação; Utilitarismo; Contratualismo; Imperativo categórico kantiano. ABSTRACTThe scientific article aims to clarify the Kantian foundation of the doctrine of incorporation of the Bill of Rights. The United States Supreme Court has extended the Bill of Rights to the states. In this paper we intend to demonstrate the Kantian grounding in the doctrine of incorporation of the Bill of Rights, addressing the philosophical current of utilitarianism and contractualism. First, we will examine the precedent of the United States Supreme Court Gideon v. Wainwright and then we will philosophically analyze the precedent. Regarding the methodological procedures this research is characterized as qualitative and descriptive, literature review through books.Keywords: Bill of rights; Doctrine of Incorporation; Utilitarianism; Contractualism; Kantian categorical imperative. (shrink)

A questão que procuramos desenvolver neste artigo pode ser enunciada do seguinte modo: será que o conhecimento pode ser transmitido de forma representacional, por meio de uma explicação, sem que aquele que aprende faça uma experiência por si só daquilo que aprende? Amparado-se no pensamento de Hume, Deleuze, Rancière e Gallo, pretende-se mostrar que somente a experiência com o objeto pode promover a aprendizagem efetiva, violentando o pensamento para que este busque por si só seu sentido e forme sua própria (...) apreensão, e não a mera repetição de conteúdos partilhados e tidos como importantes, como temos encontrado nas escolas.The question that we develop in this study can be proposed as follows: can knowledge be transmitted in a representational way through an explanation in such a way that the one who is learning does not have an experience itself of what he is learning? Grounded on Hume, Deleuze, Rancière and Gallo, we aim to show that only the experience with the object can promote effective learning, for violating the thought to search by itself for its meaning and for its own understanding, and not for the mere repetition of contents that have been shared and taken as important, as we have seen in schools. (shrink)

This volume focuses on Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s important contribution to the phenomenology of corporeity and affectivity, and it explores the various influences his work had and still has on other disciplines.

The aim of this paper is to provide insights into how information practitioners can develop further their awareness on ethical issues. In the context of the paper, awareness means able to identify and deal with issues of ethics in activities of information systems planning, development and use. The paper begins by presenting two areas which IS practitioners can initially explore to develop their ethical awareness. These areas are: IS Methodologies and Codes. The first area emphasises ethical awareness by using methodologies. (...) The second element aims to encourage ethical awareness by following principles. In both areas, self‐reflection is identified as a key element for awareness. Using Foucault’s ideas on power and ethics, a critical understanding of ethical awareness based on self‐reflection is presented to complement ethical awareness developments. This understanding is defined in terms of two elements of inquiry: Power relations analysis and ways of being ethical. With these two elements, the paper argues that IS practitioners can exert their critical thinking and create their own ethics, while still following IS methodologies and codes. (shrink)

Ensino de filosofia: notas sobre o campo e sua constituição Resumo: Objetiva-se perspectivar as discussões sobre o campo científico-filosófico "Ensino de Filosofia” e seu estatuto epistemológico, reconstituindo historicamente alguns acontecimentos e uma percepção possível de sua emergência na realidade brasileira. Primeiramente, retoma-se o debate através das pesquisas de Velasco, figura de destaque e agenciadora do assunto nos últimos anos. Apresentam-se suas teses e posicionamentos, cujos desdobramentos apontam para a existência de um campo científico-filosófico consolidado na última década. Posteriormente, reconstrói-se uma (...) narrativa sobre a trajetória de criação e desenvolvimento do campo que ressoa em suas análises. Explora-se uma movimentação política e acadêmica ocorrida no final da década de 1990 e começo dos anos 2000, realizada por professores-pesquisadores de filosofia, que, ante a possibilidade do retorno da filosofia à educação básica, se unem a fim de lutar por uma territorialização do ensino de filosofia na própria filosofia, de modo a transformá-lo em um problema genuinamente filosófico, alargando os limites epistêmicos e institucionais da filosofia brasileira. Finalmente, destaca-se que um campo é consequência de uma disputa concorrencial e das tensões estabelecidas entre os diferentes núcleos de pesquisas, complexidade que não consegue ser dimensionada por uma única percepção dos acontecimentos, abrindo-se, assim, caminhos para investigações futuras. Palavras-chave: Ensino de filosofia; campo científico-filosófico; história do ensino de filosofia. Philosophy teaching: notes on the field and its constitution Abstract: The objective is to outline the discussions on the scientific-philosophical field “Philosophy Teaching” and its epistemological statute, historically reconstituting some events and a possible perception of its emergence in the Brazilian reality. Firstly, the debate is resumed through Velasco’s research studies, a prominent figure and agent of the subject in recent years. Her theses and positions are presented and the findings point to the existence of a scientific-philosophical field, which was consolidated in the last decade. Subsequently, a narrative about the trajectory of creation and development of the field that resonates in Velasco’s analyses is reconstructed. A political and academic movement that took place in the late 1990s and early 2000s is explored. Such movement has been carried out by philosophy professors-researchers, who, given the possibility of Philosophy's return to the High School level in Brazil, have gathered together in order to fight for a territorialization of Philosophy teaching in Philosophy itself, in order to transform it into a genuinely philosophical problem, expanding the epistemic and institutional limits of Brazilian philosophy. Finally, it is noteworthy that a field is the result of a competitive dispute and tensions established among different research centers, complexity that cannot be encompassed by a single perception of events, thus opening paths for future investigations. Key-words: Philosophy teaching; scientific-philosophical field; history of philosophy teaching. Enseñanza de la filosofía: apuntes sobre el campo y su constitución Resumen: El objetivo es presentar una perspectiva de las discusiones sobre el campo científico-filosófico “Enseñanza de la Filosofía” y su estatuto epistemológico, reconstituyendo históricamente algunos hechos y una posible percepción de su emergencia en la realidad brasileña. En primer lugar, se retoma el debate a través de las investigaciones de Velasco, figura destacada y agente del tema en los últimos años. Se presentan sus tesis y posiciones, cuyos resultados apuntan a la existencia de un campo científico-filosófico consolidado en la última década. Posteriormente, se reconstruye una narrativa sobre la trayectoria de creación y desarrollo del campo que resuena en sus análisis. Se explora un movimiento político y académico que ocurrió a fines de la década de 1990 y principios de la de 2000, llevado a cabo por profesores-investigadores de filosofía, que ante la posibilidad del retorno de la filosofía a la educación básica, se unen para luchar por una territorialización de la enseñanza de la filosofía en la propia filosofía para transformarla en un problema genuinamente filosófico, ampliando los límites epistémicos e institucionales de la filosofía brasileña. Finalmente, se destaca que un campo es el resultado de una disputa competitiva y de tensiones que se establecen entre los diferentes centros de investigación, complejidad que no puede ser englobada por una percepción única de los hechos, abriendo así caminos para futuras investigaciones. Palabras clave: Enseñanza de la filosofía, campo científico-filosófico, historia de la enseñanza de la filosofía. Data de registro: 19/06/2021 Data de aceite: 20/10/2021. (shrink)

In this paper, I engage in the debate on the definition of the cyborg. I identify the two defining components of the traditional definition of the cyborg: the symbiotic relationship between human nature and technology; and the embodiment of a superhuman or inhuman feature or ability. Then, I trace these two components in the scholarly debate on the cyborg. To conclude, I explore the role the scholarly view of the cyborg plays in the debate on cyborg-athletes in the philosophy of (...) sport. (shrink)

Objective: Electrical stimulation potentially delineates epileptogenic cortex through induction of typical seizures. Although frequently employed, its value for epilepsy surgery remains controversial. Similarly, ES is used to identify symptomatogenic zones, but with greater success and a long-standing evidence base. Recent work points to new seizure symptoms such as ictal central apnea that may enhance presurgical hypotheses. The aims of this review are 2-fold: to determine the value of ES-induced seizures in epilepsy surgery and to analyze current evidence on ICA as (...) a new surrogate of symptomatogenic cortex.Methods: Three databases were searched for ESIS. Investigators independently selected studies according to pre-specified criteria. Studies reporting postoperative outcome in patients with ESIS were included in a meta-analysis. For ES-induced apnea, a thorough search was performed and reference list searching was employed.Results: Of 6,314 articles identified for ESIS, 25 were considered eligible to be reviewed in full text. Fourteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis ; six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that favorable outcome is associated with ESIS prior to surgery. In addition, the overall estimation of the occurrence of favorable outcome among cases with ESIS is 68.13%. On the other hand, recent studies have shown that stimulation of exclusively mesial temporal lobe structures elicits central apnea and represents symptomatogenic anatomic substrates of ICA. This is in variance with traditional teaching that mesial temporal ES is non-symptomatogenic.Conclusions: ES is a tool highly likely to aid in the delineation of the epileptogenic zone, since ESIS is associated with favorable postoperative outcomes. There is an urgent need for prospective evaluation of this technique, including effective stimulation parameters and surgical outcomes, that will provide knowledge base for practice. In addition, ES-induced apnea studies suggest that ICA, especially when it is the first or only clinical sign, is an important semiological feature in localizing the symptomatogenic zone to mesial temporal lobe structures, which must be considered in SEEG explorations where this is planned, and in surgical resection strategies. (shrink)

Neste trabalho, pretendemos avaliar criticamente algumas das teses de John McDowellsobre a natureza da virtude, tal como expostas em seu artigo “Virtue and Reason” e, ao fazê-lo,expor algumas de suas limitações. Mais especificamente, tratarei o que vejo como problemas emsua apresentação da virtude como uma forma de conhecimento, e sua proposta – corporificada natese da unidade das virtudes – de que as virtudes comumente reconhecidas deveriam ser vistascomo manifestações parciais da virtude enquanto tal. Também enfocarei a assertiva de McDowellde que (...) o conhecimento que constitui a virtude não pode ser visto como tendo um conteúdoproposicional que se preste a uma codificação em princípios de conduta – a tese de nãocodificabilidade– e a relação da postura pessoal de McDowell com a empreitada mais ampla daética de virtudes. (shrink)

In this article, I revise the normative account of sport that I proposed in ‘William J. Morgan’s “conventionalist internalism” approach. Furthering internalism? A critical hermeneutical response.’ I first present Habermas’ discursive ethics, placing emphasis on his interpretation of the relationship between moral (Kantian) and ethical (Hegelian/hermeneutical) principles. Then, I provide a reformulation of my account by both drawing on Habermas and going beyond him—as I go beyond Habermas, I will refer to the account as ‘discourse-ethics based.’ To further explore the (...) normative potential of the account, I connect its main tenets to the three main normative theories of sport (formalism, broad internalism, and deep conventionalism) and illustrate it with examples from anti-doping governance. (shrink)

In a seminal work, Tversky and Kahneman showed that in some contexts people tend to believe that a conjunction of events (e.g., Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist movement) is more likely to occur than one of the conjuncts (e.g., Linda is a bank teller). This belief violates the conjunction rule in probability theory. Tversky and Kahneman called this phenomenon the “conjunction fallacy”. Since the discovery of the phenomenon in 1983, researchers in psychology and philosophy (...) have engaged in important controversies around the conjunction fallacy. The goal of this paper is to explore the most important of these controversies, namely, the controversy about the nature of the conjunction fallacy. Is the conjunction fallacy mainly due to a misunderstanding of the problem by participants (misunderstanding hypothesis) or is it mainly due to a genuine reasoning bias (reasoning bias hypothesis)? A substantial portion of research on the topic has been directed to test the misunderstanding hypothesis. I review this literature and argue that a stronger case can be made against the misunderstanding hypothesis. Thus, I indirectly provide support for the reasoning bias hypothesis. (shrink)

This article critically examines the development and consensus outputs of the Concussion in Sport Group. We examine the six Consensus Statements between 2001 and 2023 to explore the challenges that the presence of contextual forces pose to the development of effective and ethically justifiable medical guidelines to manage situations involving brain-injured athletes. First, we discuss the implicit and explicit ethical framework and goals underlining the statements. Secondly, drawing on a relational account of athlete choice, we expound on the limitations of (...) the framework, concentrating on those resulting from a simplified understanding of athlete autonomy. Thirdly, we conclude by proposing a series of recommendations to improve concussion management protocols: (1) adopting a broader understanding of autonomy built upon relational accounts, beyond just the healthcare professional-athlete relationship; (2) further minimizing conflicts of interest that increase athletes’ vulnerability and hinder decision-making ability; (3) enhancing healthcare professional training to allow better adjustment of treatment plans to athletes’ contexts; and (4) promoting research on sociocultural elements affecting athletes’ vulnerability and autonomy. (shrink)

Entrevista con la filósofa argentina Silvia Schwarzböck.

Given current studies in moral psychology and following recent cases of wrong behaviour occurred in elite sporting events ? e.g. the racist chants scandals in the English Premier League or the events following Mourinho's poke in the eye scandal ? I shall analyse the extent to which supporters' brain make-up is determining them to behave in an ?unfair way?. Yet this paper is not just a work on descriptive ethics, but a normative ethics work. Therefore, once I have developed the (...) ?psycho-biological account of sports supporters?, I shall explore whether or not a more virtuous account of sports supporting can be drawn. In order to fulfil this normative task I shall appeal to the concept of ?fair play?. The common view of fair play defines it as ?the act of abiding by the rules?. However, my account of fair play is more complex and it is based on the moral principle of respecting others. This is the reason why fair play is not just something related to athletes but to supporters as well. To conclude, I shall sketch the boundaries of fair-play-based supporting behaviour in order to propose some policies or strategies that can help us to promote a ?healthy? and virtuous behaviour among fans. (shrink)

Are feelings an essential part or aspect of emotion? Cases of unconscious emotion suggest that this is not the case. However, it has been claimed that unconscious emotions are better understood as either (a) emotions that are phenomenally conscious but not reflectively conscious, or (b) dispositions to have emotions rather than emotions proper. Here, I argue that these ways of accounting for unconscious emotions are inadequate, and propose a view of emotions as non-phenomenal attitudes that regard their contents as relevant (...) to one's motivations. (shrink)